鹤立鸡群
I mentioned Sima Zhao (司马昭) yesterday. Today, we have an idiom that is all about him.
Meaning
Literally: “Sima Zhao's intentions are known even to every passerby.”
Unlike most Chinese idioms, 司马昭之心路人皆知 is not a four-character idiom. It has nine characters, yet it is one of the most famous Chinese historical expressions.
It means that someone's hidden ambition or real intention is so obvious that everyone knows it. It is usually used in a negative or sarcastic way.
The Story
In 260 CE, the Wei(魏) emperor Cao Mao (曹髦) was frustrated that the powerful minister Sima Zhao (司马昭) was taking control of the government.
He reportedly said:
“司马昭之心,路人所知也 ” (Sima Zhao's intentions are known even to every passerby.)
In other words, everyone knew that Sima Zhao wanted power and possibly the throne.
Cao Mao tried to fight back, but he was killed in an open confrontation. This was a shocking and famous case of regicide in Chinese history. Cao Mao is often remembered as a brave emperor who was willing to stand up to the powerful Sima Zhao, even at the cost of his own life.
Some years later, Sima Zhao's son, Sima Yan (司马炎), ended the Wei Dynasty and founded the Jin(晋) Dynasty in 265 CE.
So now you can probably understand a little better why Ji Kang (嵇康) refused to cooperate with Sima Zhao, and why he eventually paid for it with his life, as we discussed yesterday.
Usage
Used when someone's real intentions are obvious to everyone.
Example:
他想抢你那个项目的功劳,司马昭之心,路人皆知。
He wants to take credit for your project. Everyone can see what he's really trying to do.
A Little Background
Sima Zhao came from a powerful family. His father, Sima Yi (司马懿), was a brilliant military strategist but also had a reputation for being extremely patient, calculating, and politically ruthless.
Sima Yi's sons and grandson continued the family's rise to power—until Sima Yan finally founded the Jin Dynasty.
(AI-assisted editing)