r/AskAcademia 5h ago

Interdisciplinary What are some extremely niche, heated debates/controversial topics in your academic field?

21 Upvotes

I’m fascinated by those oddly specific academic topics where people are genuinely divided and there are strong arguments on both sides. I’m not looking for broad controversies that everyone has heard of. I want the obscure stuff that would require someone in the field to explain the context and why people get so heated about it.

For example, in school psychology there’s debate over RTI vs discrepancy model, where people not in education would have no idea about it. My dentist friend told me about a controversial tongue tie procedure. Shoutout if you know about the spelling to communicate controversy in special education right now.

I just love academic tea.


r/AskAcademia 15h ago

Interpersonal Issues How to handle a co-TA who is consistently giving incorrect grades? USA

24 Upvotes

I (Grad Student) am a TA for a freshman course (Computer Problem Solving for Biomedical Engineering), so we are supposed to be a little more lenient with the grading. Our professor suggested doing an "Early Feedback" round where we give students their grades, but also leave hints on where they went wrong.

My co-TA didn't want to spend time writing comments for "small errors," so he just gave 100% to every student he grades. It is a big class of 104 students, and I grade half of them. I am following the professor's protocol and actually spending the time to write comments. However, this means students with the exact same answers are going to get different grades depending on which TA graded their work.

How do I tell my friend (the co-TA) that he should regrade to avoid causing issues, especially since he already told me, "I am not regrading them"? I don't want to cause drama, seem like a "goody two-shoes," or embarrass anyone.

Edit:
Copy paste from a comment to help with more context
Because it's such a large class, the grading is supposed to be very straightforward. There are 20 questions, each worth 5 points, and we have an answer key with the exact right answers.
My co-TA told me he was just giving everyone 100s and not deducting the 5 points for incorrect answers because it saves him time. He claimed he had discussed this with the professor.
I got confused by this, so I went to the professor to double-check how I should be grading (not mentioning the co-TA approach). The professor explicitly told me, "No, you should grade using the normal system and deduct 5 points for each wrong answer."
I let my co-TA know that I was going to follow the professor's instructions and use the normal approach. His response was just, "You can do that, but I am not regrading mine."


r/AskAcademia 9h ago

STEM How does faculty recruitment actually work at HKU, CityUHK and HKBU for an international early-career academic?

5 Upvotes

I’m trying to understand how academic recruitment actually works in Hong Kong, particularly at the University of Hong Kong (HKU), City University of Hong Kong (CityUHK), and Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU).

For context, I’m an early-career researcher who has recently submitted a PhD in public/population health. My background is primarily quantitative, including epidemiology, health-behaviour research, observational data analysis, research methods, statistics, and evidence synthesis. I also have university-level teaching experience (casual/sessional academic) in research methods and related quantitative/public health subjects.

I’m currently based outside Hong Kong and am considering Lecturer/Assistant Professor, Research Assistant Professor or similar research-and-teaching positions.

I’m less interested in what the official recruitment websites say and more interested in how recruitment works in practice.

For anyone who has worked at, applied to, or been involved in hiring at HKU, CityUHK, HKBU, or another Hong Kong university:

Are faculty vacancies genuinely recruited mainly through open advertisements, or is it common for departments to already have particular candidates/networks in mind?

Does contacting a relevant professor, department head, or school director before a vacancy is advertised actually help?

For an international applicant coming directly from a PhD or early post-PhD stage, how realistic is an Assistant Professor/Lecturer appointment versus needing a postdoc or Research Assistant Professor position first?

What tends to matter most at the initial shortlist stage: publications, university/PhD pedigree, grants, methodological expertise, teaching experience, or having an existing connection with the department?

Is not speaking Cantonese or Mandarin a meaningful disadvantage for public health/health research faculty roles where teaching and research are conducted in English?

What does the usual recruitment process look like after application: initial screening, Zoom interview, research seminar/job talk, teaching demonstration, meetings with the dean/head, references, etc.?

Is there anything about Hong Kong academic hiring that an overseas applicant would probably not realise from reading the job advertisements?
I’d especially appreciate comments from current or former faculty, people who have served on hiring committees, or international academics who recently went through the process.

Thank you.


r/AskAcademia 2h ago

STEM Quantum PhD+industry experience to US postdoc

1 Upvotes

Hi, I am from Europe with 2 years of industry experience in an research environment. I am about to sacrifice two years of my life to be in the US and navigate in the job market there.

How possible is to get in the industry after the postdoc as an EU citizen?


r/AskAcademia 3h ago

Interpersonal Issues How to deal with these kind of PIs

0 Upvotes

Hi everyone,

I am in my last year of MD. At our medschool we have a required Scholarly Work course where we work with PIs on special topics that are not necessarily need to be published.

So, during random allocation I was assigned to a Prof with the topic in molecular oncology and we needed to write a systematic review. So basically, he didn’t know how to write it as he is working in lab with experiments.

Therefore I started to ask different profs whether they can recommend me someone with a knowledge of writing systematic reviews. They helped me and connected my with one of our Postdocs, who is THE BEST. She guided me throughout, gave me feedback and taught me how to perform a high quality reviews. Whereas on the other hand my PI didn’t give af. So, since my paper started to sound and look good we decided to publish it. PI never believed in my abilities to publish, and he wasn’t involved in all of the processes. I was writing a paper during my clinical rotations and it was somewhat exhausting.

Then he collaborated with the Postdoc I found, and they are wiring a new paper. So, eventually we published in top 10% journal. He never gave me credit. Sometime during the process of writing a review he said that there is possibility to make this as a job, so he can pay me. I agreed. And then, when I asked about what docs should I prepare he said that we never discussed this lol.

We published. The Postdoc quit the job. And now, he is asking me to be a research assistant for free just because it is required by the grant he obtained. I am in my last year of medschool, he also asks me to guide/mentor other students on systematic reviews for FREE and with no potential of becoming a co-author. I think this is ridiculous and feels like he is exploiting me. But at the same time I think I need to agree because If I will reject it, he will fuck up all of my journey ahead.

Can you give me any advice? What should I do?


r/AskAcademia 22h ago

Administrative How does PTO work for professors?

30 Upvotes

Professors seems to be pretty autonomous on this front, but I have always wondered about how this works.

Do professors have banks where they build up their sick days and vacation days per year like other jobs?

If you need to take FMLA is there a sick day bank that it eats into?

Can you just cancel class one day without getting anyone’s permission if you wake up sick?

Are you allowed to take a paid vacation during the semester?


r/AskAcademia 1d ago

Professional Misconduct in Research Update to my authorship battle.

81 Upvotes

Previous post : https://www.reddit.com/r/AskAcademia/s/yV38yvoM5C

UPDATE (a few days on):

Thanks to everyone who replied to the original post - it genuinely helped. A lot has developed since, and it's gotten more complicated, so here's where things stand.

I raised the issue with the full author group and asked for a correction (a corrigendum) to add me and fix the contributor roles - no blame, no retraction, just the record corrected. Since then:

  • I learned it was the first author's PhD paper, and that they never told the senior co-authors I was involved at all - as far as they knew, I didn't exist on the project.
  • One of the senior co-authors called me and said that if they go ahead with a correction, they'll have to open an inquiry into how the first author handled the authorship.
  • I'm being told this would put a "blot" on the first author's PhD, and that the likely outcome is the paper being withdrawn or retracted.
  • There's been steady pressure to drop it - repeated calls, some warm ("we're proud when our students do well," offers to put me on future papers instead), some not. The consistent message is that pushing for credit will blow everything up and damage the first author, so I should let it go.

To be clear about what I want: just my name on the work I did, through a correction. I've said explicitly that I'm not asking for anyone to be investigated or for the paper to be retracted.

So the questions I'm now stuck on:

  • Is "a correction will force a retraction" actually true, or is it a scare tactic to get me to back off? My understanding is that retraction isn't the remedy for an authorship issue when the research itself is sound.
  • Can adding an omitted author really cause the whole paper to be withdrawn?
  • Am I responsible for the fallout to the first author - or is that on the person who left me off in the first place? A lot of the pressure is framed as "you'll ruin them," and I can't tell if that's fair or if I'm being guilt-tripped out of my own credit.

PS: I'm kinda in a tough spot as, personally, If getting 1-2 papers in my name can harm someone that much that their PhD is being questioned, I feel like I should drop it.


r/AskAcademia 13m ago

Undergraduate - please post in /r/College, not here genuinely don't know what to do anymore”

Upvotes

genuinely don't know what the fuck I'm supposed to do anymore

I genuinely just need to rant because I'm so fucking overwhelmed right now

I took a drop year for NEET and honestly that whole phase already feels like such a huge chunk of my life I spent so much time preparing for it and now I'm not even going down that path anymore

I thought after all of that at least college would finally work out

But nope 😭

I thought I had finally figured out college I had been waiting and hoping and stressing for so long and now that everything is actually happening I feel like I'm back at fucking zero

I didn't get selected and now Delhi is basically hanging by one tiny thread AUD is my only option there right now and even that wasn't something I had originally planned for now suddenly everything is on my parents and I don't even know what they're going to decide

Then there's Italy

I've been looking into it seriously especially the regional scholarships and for a moment I thought maybe THAT could be my way out

Then I started looking into the application fees documents visa financial proof upfront expenses etc and I'm just sitting here like with what money 😭

My family income is only around 4 to 5 lakh a year I don't have money sitting around for all these application fees and financial requirements and I keep reading about people needing huge amounts of money upfront and it's just so fucking discouraging

And now I'm thinking maybe I should just wait until next year

But then what the fuck am I supposed to do for an entire year

I've already taken a drop for NEET I've already spent so much time feeling like I'm behind everyone else I don't want another year to feel like I'm just sitting around while everyone else moves forward


r/AskAcademia 4h ago

STEM "on hold" status on Arxiv (hep-th)

0 Upvotes

Hi, I have submitted a 62 page paper on Arxiv, in hep-th primary category and gr-qc secondary category on 22nd August. It has been 12 days almost and it is still "on hold", Arxiv haven't sent me any mail regarding any changes or text overlap, nothing, it's just sitting on their server for almost 2 weeks now. Also, I have been seeing the recent mailings of both hep-th and gr-qc, and noticed a pattern. Gr-qc in the last few mailings, did release submissions which were submitted almost a week back, most probably other "on hold" papers, which were (I think) approved by the volunteer moderators, along with other papers which were just submitted just before the last deadline's time period, which (again I think) are the automated releases. While in hep-th recent categories, there has been none of such cases where old submissions were released. Is there a problem in my paper, that it is stuck "on hold", or are there other people too facing the same issue. Also, can there be any specific reasons why the moderators are not approving papers during this period?

P.S: I am a first time submittor on Arxiv, I got my endorsement from my supervisor who is also the second author in my paper.


r/AskAcademia 5h ago

STEM How much do advisor connections matter for industry research scientist roles?

1 Upvotes

I wanna start my CS PhD soon and there are multiple possibilities:

Professor A leads a small lab, with modest publications (some in top tier conferences), and no obvious industry pipeline from what I can see. Interest overlap is there and I could start in ~2 months.

Professor B is an assistant professor in a new group at a good EU uni, published a very highly cited landmark paper in my subfield, and is currently searching for a PhD student. He publishes at top tier conferences and likely has strong industry connections. The interest overlap is very high and I know the professor he has done his postdoc at, who could introduce me. There is no guarantee I would get the PhD slot and hiring may take months.

Another option would be a top lab, but this would be a long shot and not guaranteed at all.

Since my goal is to become a research scientist at big tech, I was wondering how important PI brand/connections are for internships and eventually a full time job. I already have big tech industry R&D experience in a related area. Should I push hard for Professor B or would Professor A also work out well, given I perform well during my PhD?


r/AskAcademia 7h ago

STEM Is faculty recruitment in Gulf universities generally difficult to navigate from overseas?

1 Upvotes

I’m based in Australia and nearing completion of my PhD in public/population health. My background is in epidemiology, quantitative research, statistics, research methods, and university teaching.

I’ve been exploring faculty opportunities in Saudi Arabia and other Gulf countries. Despite applying through university portals and contacting relevant academics directly, responses have been extremely rare.

For academics working in Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar or elsewhere in the Gulf:

Is this normal for overseas faculty applicants? Are referrals/networking particularly important? And do university email security systems sometimes filter unsolicited emails from external academics?
I’m mainly trying to understand whether I need to change my approach to Gulf faculty recruitment.


r/AskAcademia 18h ago

Interpersonal Issues Is it rude to refuse meeting a PI after a conflict?

6 Upvotes

I already terminated my contract. Would it be rude to ask to hand over the material and lab book to supervisor instead of PI? I would say politely in the mail that "given the impact that the situation has had on me, I would feel comfortable having the meeting arranged with immediate supervisor". Is this okay?


r/AskAcademia 8h ago

STEM Assistantship guidance

0 Upvotes

I have a Bachelor’s degree in Information Technology, and I am actively seeking RA/TA positions (in Computer Science)at universities in the US. I do receive email responses from professors occasionally, but unfortunately, none of them have been positive so far. Most of the time, I’m told that there are no available positions, even when I see positions being advertised on LinkedIn. I don’t want to argue with or question any professor about this, so I’m not sure if there is something wrong with my approach.

For those of you who have successfully secured funded RA/TA positions, I would be very grateful for any guidance or advice on how I can strengthen my approach when reaching out to professors.

Thank you very much for your time and guidance. 🙏🏻


r/AskAcademia 9h ago

Social Science Advice for attending and presenting at a conference.

0 Upvotes

Hello people who (hopefully) have more experience presenting at research conferences than me.

I am going to present my research for the first time at a major conference in social psychology at some point in the upcoming future.

I have never been to an out of state conference before.

My intention really is to only go for the day of my presentation and then head back home.

Any advice on how to plan out booking a hotel for the conference and how I should prepare to haul my poster with me to the conference itself?

Any and all other general advice would also be appreciated.

Thank you fellas.


r/AskAcademia 5h ago

STEM arXiv submission (math.AT) on hold for two weeks — normal, or is something wrong?

0 Upvotes

Submitted a single-author algebraic topology paper on 22 August, still on hold. Support sent a template reply saying it is pending a moderator decision, no action needed from me. My earlier arXiv submissions were announced the next day.

Anyone had a hold this long in a pure maths category? Worth doing anything, or just wait?

And if any arXiv moderator happens to see this, or anyone who has some familiarity with how moderation works in the maths categories, I would be grateful for any insight into what usually causes a hold of this length.

One thing that might be relevant: the paper corrects a result published in a peer-reviewed journal in 1974, giving an explicit counterexample and identifying the gap in the original argument. Not sure whether that kind of submission normally gets a closer look.


r/AskAcademia 10h ago

STEM How does tenure track (STEM) work at R2 universities in the US?

0 Upvotes

I just saw a job posting for TT at an R2 university and may want to apply. However, I realize I am not sure how a TT would work in this case. Specifically, since I would be more focused on teaching, and research wise I would be working with undergrads only: am I still expecting to secure extramural funding? I don't see how I could get an R01/R21 with these conditions.

I know these may vary from one institution to another. But what is the general scenario? Or what's your experience on it?

Thank you!


r/AskAcademia 14h ago

Humanities Should I Apply for a PhD in Musicology?

2 Upvotes

I’m a guitarist, singer and songwriter and I just recently graduated with a Master’s Degree in Pop Guitar at Saint Louis College of Music in Rome, Italy. I was considering applying for a PhD in Musicology (as i see most DMA’s are meant for classical composers and avantgarde electronic musicians) in USA. I'm kind of at an empasse as absolutely nobody I know (and i know hundreds of great musicians) chose to follow this road, so I really have no direction about what would be the best way to contact University/Professors, how to correctly form an application for a PhD, how to properly describe the research program I'd be offering to an interested professor et cetera. I'm mainly a performer but I'd very much like to merge my passion for playing and composing to a more academic/research approach to musicology, plus it would give me a great opportunity to live in the US (which is the birthplace and living heart of most of the music genres I love to study and play) with a moderately stable economic basis. Most of all, my graduation thesis, deemed worthy of publication by my college, revolved around the transcription and analisys of many songs by some of the greatest american songwriters of the 20th century, which sounds an awful lot like something I could try to get Musicology research funds on. Where should I start? Does it make any sense following this path or do you think I'm making a mistake?


r/AskAcademia 3h ago

STEM arxiv podcast

0 Upvotes

I've recently been struggling to keep up with math.NA and wanted to find a way to build getting the daily summary into my normal routine.

As an experiment I've built an AI-generated podcast that summarises the day's new math.NA papers. I find I can listen whilst driving to work and it gives me a quick overview of what's going on.

You can listen on Spotify here: https://open.spotify.com/show/0345rjHw2wCOY6o5ILJCaC?si=b4Hasea8RrK5Yx3SkNXJQQ

I'm mainly looking for feedback:

  • Does the summary level feel about right?
  • Which papers would you want more detail on?
  • Is listening actually more useful than scanning the arXiv page?

This works for me, and I'm happy with that. I wondered whether others might find it genuinely useful.


r/AskAcademia 16h ago

Humanities Sending More Letters of Recommendation than Asked For?

2 Upvotes

Hi Everyone!

I am going on the job market this year (PhD looking to go into teaching/research roles) and I received some weird advice from my department's placement director that I want to double check.

They suggested that whenever I have the ability to send more letters of recommendation than asked for, I should. So, if a job posting says "please send three letters of recommendation to X" I should send them all the letters I have (so 4 or 5).

In the non-academic world, if someone sent in more letters than asked for, that would be a mark against them because it would show they couldn't follow instructions (at least in previous roles I've worked).

What would you guys think? A good thing that the person had more people who were willing to write (good) letters of recommendation or a problem that they couldn't follow directions.

I'm in the humanities for reference.


r/AskAcademia 4h ago

STEM Which lab should i chose 😩😭 the prestigious one or the one with a present supervisor

0 Upvotes

Hello everyone

To tell you a bit about me. Am planning on doing an integrated masters-PhD program in japan. My topic is on cancer immunology And am faced with dilemma

I k this is a bit long. But if u have some time please help

I have to chose between two labs

First One: is in prestigious university with a very well known and well accomplished supervisor and large funding

Accoriding to the lab members, meetings with the supervisors happen every 3 months. And on demand on zoom u r only limited 30 min per month. The team is large and so is the funding. You are basically on your own, u receive little guidance but they provide anything you need for your experiments

Second one : less prestigious still very well known. But in this case the professor is very present. Meetings with him are once a week. He also does journal clubs and papers discussion with lab members on a weekly basis

I had a meeting with him he was very interested in my ideas. He was also very friendly and curious about me at a personal level

It is a smaller lab fewer members. But they do a lot of creative work and they made their own new technology. But he did talk about having funding issues

I need to tell you as well am going for an integrated masters-PhD because i lack experience in doing my own research on my own. Someone ik closely from the first lab told me there is resources online u can learn everything in your own but am not sure about that.

What do you think?


r/AskAcademia 13h ago

Interdisciplinary Has anyone changed their masters program?

0 Upvotes

So I am just a few weeks into a one year masters (MBA) program and I feel disappointed. It is a networking heavy major and I feel like I could have gotten a much better network doing it near where I live. And my cohort is from all over the world which is FINE, great even! But it doesn’t quite seem to fit with my professional goals. Unfortunately I am also a little checked out myself as I am also doing a program to become certified to be an Administrator (Principal) in education.

I did a quick little search and the school does offer a MA in Education Technology which is more so would fit my background and current trajectory. I did email the person in charge of it to discuss switching over. Anyways, anyone else have advice?


r/AskAcademia 22h ago

Social Science audio to text conversion for interviews? IRB safe?

4 Upvotes

hey all, literally drowning in transcription for my qualitative thesis (about 12 hrs of audio). doing it manually is killing my sanity.

i need a reliable audio to text conversion tool that is actually accurate and IRB compliant. my uni is super strict about data privacy so no random free AI sites. i heard some of the popular mainstream ones got flagged by our IT for data scraping last year.

any academic-friendly options or software our library might already have? pls help, deadline is looming and i'm losing my mind.


r/AskAcademia 16h ago

STEM terminal masters vs non terminal masters vs direct to PhD??

0 Upvotes

In a previous post about funding for masters students I got a lot of replies about terminal masters vs non terminal ones but this is something I’ve never heard of. After looking into it I’m still confused about how the two differ from each other and then how is it different from a direct to PhD program? And how do you even find these programs?? I am specifically looking at marine biology degrees if that is significant in answering the question.


r/AskAcademia 23h ago

STEM What would you do as a teacher if you caught a student cheating with clear evidence, but the university committee decided the student was not guilty and imposed no penalty at all?

2 Upvotes

I teach programming at a public university in my country. It is a leading university in the country in my field.

I have been teaching for many years, and one issue has bothered me in the COVID period.

During online exams, I once had a class of around 150 students. When I reviewed their programming submissions afterward, I found that close to 100 students had submitted code that was identical in groups.

As I discovered this only after the exam, I gave zero scores for answers that I believed were copied. My faculty has a policy that the average GPA awarded in a course should generally not fall below 2.00. By the way, the resulting grade distribution fell below that threshold due to the cheating.

The vice dean for academic affairs told me that although I could deduct scores of students who I believe they did cheating as the instructor, I could not allow the class average GPA to fall below 2.00 on the grounds that students had cheated. He explained that, in order to formally establish examination misconduct, I would have to catch the students in the act during the exam and have them sign a document acknowledging the misconduct.

I disagreed with the logic, but I accepted the procedure.

This year, I finally had exactly such a case.

During an in-person programming exam, I caught a student with the exam questions and solutions already saved in his cloud storage. Based on the circumstances, it appeared that the material had come from someone who had taken the exam earlier.

This time there was no procedural ambiguity.

I caught him during the exam. I documented the incident. The student signed the university's misconduct form and acknowledged what he had done. I then removed him from the examination room according to procedure.

The faculty formed a committee to investigate. It included the same vice dean for academic affairs who had handled the earlier case, my department head, and several other faculty members.

Today I was called in to give my account.

When I left the room, I met the student waiting outside. He told me directly that he knew he had done something wrong. He also said he was prepared to tell the committee who had given him the exam material and which other students had received it.

Later I called my department head to ask what had happened.

I was told that the committee had decided that the student was not guilty of misconduct.

Apparently, even though the student himself admitted what he had done, the committee regarded his willingness to admit it as showing good character.

More surprisingly, when the student offered to show evidence identifying the source of the leaked exam and other students who had received it, the committee told him that they did not need to see it.

That is the part I find very difficult to understand.

Our written regulations actually prescribe a very serious penalty for examination cheating: a student can be suspended, and no grades are issued for any of their courses for an entire academic year.

I am not even insisting that the maximum penalty should always be imposed. In fact, I would be perfectly comfortable with a more proportionate or educational sanction.

But no consequence at all is not acceptable for me.

As an instructor, I consider teaching academic integrity part of teacher's role. A student should understand that cheating is unacceptable and will bring unfavorable consequences .

I also understand the pressures universities face today. The number of college-age students is declining in my country, and universities increasingly have to compete for students rather than students competing for university places as they once did. Administrators therefore understandably have incentives to avoid losing students.

However, my university is still the leading university in the country in my field. We still have far more students wanting to enter than places available. That makes it even harder for me to understand why we should be so reluctant to enforce academic integrity in a clear-cut case.

But I am struggling to see where the line should be.

If a student can be caught during an exam, possess leaked questions and solutions, sign the official misconduct form, admit to the committee that he did it, offer evidence showing where the exam leak came from and still be declared innocent then I genuinely do not understand what the university's misconduct procedure is for.

I talked with some colleagues and we concluded that next time we will not report it to the faculty but will just quietly deduct points from students we know cheated. It is easier and we can make some consequences to cheaters by that way.

But even secretly deducting points is easy, students may never know that their cheating was detected. They learn nothing about academic integrity.

At the same time, following the official process now seems pointless if the faculty refuses to act even when the evidence and admission are unusually clear.

So I would genuinely like to hear from academics, instructors, university administrators, in other countries:

What would you do in my position?

Would you continue formally reporting every case of cheating, even if the faculty repeatedly refuses to enforce its own rules?

Would you just secretly deduct points of cheaters?

Or, at some point, do you simply redesign your assessments under the assumption that the institution will not support instructors on academic integrity?

I am particularly interested in how universities in the US, Europe, Australia, Japan, or elsewhere would normally handle a case where a student is caught during an exam and explicitly admits to obtaining leaked exam material.

The vice dean I mentioned graduated PhD from the US where I believe provide quality education. But I do not understand why he still disappointedly managed the incident in that way.


r/AskAcademia 17h ago

Interpersonal Issues Advisor mismatch

1 Upvotes

I’ve got a doctoral student where we share common interests in subject matter. But our interpersonal styles are greatly mismatched and I don’t think I’m a good fit to help her develop where she needs to grow. Is it sound to start discussing having her switch advisors? I’d agree to stay on her research committee (if asked and appropriate). Any advice would be appreciated.